knowledge about the cobra snake

a. rounded and elongated body
b. He was covered in scales (not slimy like that is considered by most people)
c. Body length of 10 mm - 9000 mm
d. Having a spine and a pair of ribs on each vertebra (up to cloaca)
e. Poikilotermik body temperature, the ideal temperature from 23.9 to 29.4 ° C. But the snake was still able to survive at extreme temperatures 7.2 ° C or 37.8 ° C, when more than this temperature will be fatal for the snake.
f. The snake slithered by using muscles in the stomach by turns so that it can move toward another place.
g. Eye on the snake has no eyelids, but protected by a transparent membrane. Snakes are not as clear vision of human vision. Captured is the image sensor and is sensitive to light.
h. Unlike humans, the nose on the snake only serves as a means to breathe, while the tools of smell is his tongue with the help of Jacobson's organ.
i. Senses heat, located between the eyes and nose, is used to detect heat emitted by warm-blooded creatures (endothermic), but not all snakes have this organ
j. Snakes have no ear holes, but has a tympanic membrane that can detect vibrations. Snakes are "dancing" is actually moving to the rhythm of the flute not because of his voice, but because obeying the movement of the flute.
k. Staining the snake's body is very diverse, adapting to the environment in which he lived. Coloration serves as camouflage snake in search of prey and avoid enemies. Not all light colors indicating the level of venom.
l. How to get food - Hunt their prey - Block the prey - Lure its prey
m. Numerous snakes teeth and leaning into the prey so the snake does not chew but swallow their prey. Based on the type of teeth, snakes can be divided into: a. Aglypha: It has no fangs can. Example: Ptyas korros (Snake wood), Python reticulatus (snake python batik). These snakes are not venomous b. Ophistoglypha: Having a canine can be short and located slightly to the rear of the maxilla. Example: Boiga dendrophila. (Snake gold ring). These snakes are venomous medium. c. Proteroglypha: It has long fangs and can be located on the front. Example: Naja naja sputatrix (cobra), Ophiophagus hannah (king cobra snake) These snakes are venomous high d. Solenoglypha: Having a canine can be quite long on the front and can be folded. Example: rhodhostoma Agkistrodon (snake ground) These snakes are venomous high
n. Snakes can prey on prey size of his head 10 times, because at the back of her jaw connected by a rectangular-shaped joint, so that the gaping mouth of a snake can be 180 º and is supported by the lower jaw is only connected by ligaments (muscles) is very elastic. Here are some ways to prey on snakes: a. Swallowing directly b. Convolute c. Can inject
o. All species of snakes are animals Carnival. Types of foods they eat include: insects, fish, amphibians, birds, small mammals to large mammals and even some types of snakes that eat snakes too (cannibals). Type of food depends on the type of snake and its habitat.
p. Male reproductive organ in snakes is located hemipenes the cloaca and the female with the cloaca. Snakes usually mate overseas in the months of warm temperatures, because in winter they will hibernate (deep sleep). There are egg-laying snakes (ovipar) and incubating eggs are laid between the leaf pile of dry leaves for 2-3 months and hatch; but some are stored in the body for 2-3 months and give birth (ovovivipar).
q. According to their habitat, snakes can be divided into five, namely: - Water Snake (aquatic) Water snake is a snake who all his life (do all activities) in the water. Example: sea snake (Laticauda laticauda). Water snakes are actually a sea serpent. - Half Water Snake (Semi-aquatic) These snakes are sometimes conduct its activities on land and in water. Examples: Homalopsis buccata (snake Kadut) - Snake Land (Terrestrial) These snakes live on land, and conduct all activities on land. Example: Pytas mucosus (bandotan tiger snake) and Elaphe flavolineata (Coffee Snake) - Snake Tree (Arboreal) Snakes do all the activities of this type in the tree (arboreal). Usually prehensil tree snake tail (able to hold on / hang) Example: Boiga dendrophila (gold ring) and Ahaetula prasina (Snake shoots) - Snake Desert This type of snake do all activities in the desert. Desert snakes usually hide themselves under the sand to avoid sunburn. Example: artox Crotalus, rattlesnake, rattle

 Additional - Snakes are very happy to live in a humid - Often found basking in the hot sun, but most of the time used to wait for prey to hide according to their habitat. - Snakes are also happy to move depending on where he could get his prey - Snakes are also happy to live in a quiet area near the water. - Snakes are accomplished swimmers and climbers.
r. Could actually is a protein produced by glands inside the head. In the glands there is a channel that connects to the canines could have a hole at the bottom end. Specifically on the type of Naja naja (cobra snake) venom channel hole at the edge of the front of canines, so that the snakes of this type can eject / inject venom. Glands is similar to the salivary glands in humans. Can the snake function other than as a weapon to kill his enemy, also helps the digestive system.
s. Types can be divided based on the location of body organs becomes the target of venom: a. Neurotoxin - Attacking and deadly nerve tissue - There was paralysis of the breathing device - Damage to the brain center - The effect was immediate bite which is the victim feel sleepy b. Haemotoxin - Attacking the blood and circulatory system - There was haemolysis - Transport O2 into the body affected, especially the metabolism of cells
Organs other organs that will be disturbed by the venom of the system works, among others: the heart, kidneys, muscles, blood cells and other tissues

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Handling Injury / Accident In Dogs ...

Accident / minor injury can indeed be treated at home, but should still be wary of. Minor injuries / minor visible from the outside, it could be a sign of internal injuries and shock which can cause life-threatening dog. Check if there are signs of shock, such as gums pale or white, the heart is beating fast and the occurrence of shortness of breath. Dogs are exposed to shock can be tidaksadarkan self.
Lick THAT EXCESSIVE
Dogs usually will lick the wounds of his body, in order to self-medication. Some dogs lick parts of his body in excess, which instead would be counterproductive to actually function as a treatment themselves naturally. There is also licking his body without any particular reason. Psychological condition is called a lick dermatitis, which is common in Doberman and Labrador dogs. If you owned a dog licking his body parts in excess, check, and if necessary take it to the vet langgananmu.
OTHER DOG BITE (DUE fighting)
Although the dog is highly trained, sometimes they are also involved in fights with other dogs. Body parts are usually injured when they got into a fight is about the neck, face, ears, and chest.
Canine / dog's teeth can cause a deep wound, and tear / damage the delicate tissues beneath the skin. If your dog is found injured in akiibat bites another dog, clean the wound, and take it to the vet for antibiotics.
If your dog is involved in a fight, wait until they calm down, check carefully to the whole body, and do the following steps:
1. Check whether there is an injured body part, either minor injuries or wounds that in (up holes). If you can see that the result of puncture wounds (fangs), scissors hair / dog hair around the injured area.
2. Wipe the wound with warm water and liquid anti-bacterial soft, and make sure no hairs that stick to the wound.
3. And give antiseptic ointment on the injured area.
Insect bite
Sting bee / wasps and other insects can cause pain and swelling. Bee sting is usually left on the skin. To see if there is a bee sting is attached to the skin, use a magnifying glass. But if the sting is visible, remove with tweezers.
In some dogs, can suffer allergic to bee stings and can cause shock, which is called anaphylactic shock (Type I hypersensitivity alergic in humans and mammals), which can cause death, due to blockage / a decrease in the respiratory tract in the dog's body. One symptom of this is dog becomes difficult to breathe.
First aid at this shock is by injection of adrenaline (epinephrine) that can stop this shock. Be sure not to obstruct the course of the air around your dog, and immediately brought to the nearest vet.
* Can be searched by keyword anaphylactic shock (almost all the diseases that occur in dogs, similar to human illness, including symptoms, treatment, and even the drugs, although there are also drugs that are specific to dogs).
SNAKE BITE
Snake bite more often than people own dogs. Signs of poisoning from snake bite are chills, excitement, vomiting, fainting, excessive drooling, swollen pupils. If a snake bites your dog, give cool water kompresan are tied with a bandage, on the part of your dog bitten and immediately brought to the nearest vet.
That's roughly the contents of the issue of Information (Animals) this time, may help. And greetings for your pet.

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Manual of Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery

 Primary Wound Closure

Wound healing starts almost immediately after skin incision. Initially, blood
clots form to seal the wound and provide a scaffold for cell migration. The
inflammatory phase of healing starts about 6 hours after injury. White
blood cells migrate into the wound to begin debridement. They also release
cytokines, growth factors, and other chemicals that stimulate vessel ingrowth
and tissue repair. Three to five days after injury, granulation tissue begins
to replace the fibrin plug that fills the wound. Up to this point, wound
strength is relatively poor. As collagen content increases, the wound gradu-
ally becomes stronger. The greatest rate of collagen accumulation occurs
between 7 and 14 days after injury. After 2 to 3 weeks, the wound begins
to mature as collagen content and fiber orientation change.
In clean, incised, sutured wounds, epithelium migrates across the gap
within 48 hours. Epithelium will also grow downward into the incision and
around sutures, making tracts that can give the appearance of infection. By
10 to 15 days after wounding, these epithelial ingrowths regress.
Wound healing can be affected by a variety of factors, including motion,
tension, poor blood supply, anemia, malnutrition, corticosteroids, radiation,
and antineoplastic drugs. Systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hepatic
or renal dysfunction, feline leukemia, or hyperadrenocorticism will delay
healing. Healing is also prolonged when wounds are edematous or infected
or contain foreign material or necrotic debris. The use of lasers to incise the
skin will increase inflammation and risk of necrosis and decrease wound
tensile strength and cosmesis. Rate of wound healing varies with species;
for instance, incised wounds in cats gain strength more slowly than in dogs.
In general, primary wound closure is more likely to be successful when
Halsted’s principles of surgery are followed. These include gentle tissue
handling, accurate hemostasis, preservation of adequate blood supply, strict
asepsis, avoidance of tension, careful tissue approximation, and oblitera-
tion of dead space. In dogs and cats, skin wounds are often closed in two
layers. The subcutaneous tissue is closed to reduce bleeding, dead space, and
tension, and the dermis is apposed to promote rapid epithelialization.

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